|
" "
"" (1877) , , -. " " (1878) "". "" 1878 . , , (. . , . . , . . ), , "" 1881 . "", " ", "" - , , ( "" ). 1881 . "" " ", "Natalia Karpovna" (1883 ., ) " , ", " ", " ". " " ..
. . 60- . . "" : " " (1864) "" (1866). 70- ", , , " : "", , , , , " " (1906) , .
. , "" " ", , 1917 . . . (18551937), 1883 . . . , "" . . ( , ).
. , , , , , ) . "" . . . : " 1- ?").
, , , ( ) , . . " ": " " , (" ") , , " ", , , "- ."
, - . " ". 1897 . 13 , " ", " " , " ( )" 5 " " 1881 . , - , . ( 10 1879 .) " ". 1903 1906 .
. , . " , ", " , ", . , " " , , . : " ". : " , , , ".
, ( , -) : , , .
" " , . . : " , , . , - , , , - , , , -, .. , , , , . "
(19081910) " ". 1880- 1908 . . , , , , " ". , , ", " , " ". " , , ". , . ( ) 9 1883 . " " ( ) - . . . .. " - " ".
" , , " (. 38. . 198). , .
, 1881. III , , .
. . "" 6070- "" ", " ( . . -). ( ), , , , "" , -. , " "" , "", , ". , . (, ) . "" , ( ) . , , , : . . , . . . . , . . , . . , . . , . . . , : . . , " " . . " , , ; , , ". , " ". "" . . : " , ", " " , " ". " ", , , "", , " ".
"" "", ", " " " . . 18711872 ., , " ", " "", . , "" . : , "", " , ". , "" (" , "). . . , "" . " , " ", 5 1870 . . . "", , , ; , " [ . ( ), , , , "" , -. , " "" , "", , "
"" , . . , . . ยบ , " . , ".
, "" , . "" (1875 .) , , , "". , "" "" , "", , , . . . . , 15 1874 . , . "", 11 1874 . "" . . " " : " , ". "" , , . , ; , , , . . ; " " . , , "", () 3- .
, , " " "- " . " ".
20 1880 . . . , " , . . . . , , ".
, , . ..
7080- . . -. " ... ... 1 1876 . - . . . , . , , ".
( ) "", "". " , , !" 1879 . , , , "", . , , " , , , ".
. 7080- -, " " " " " " " ", " ", (" -!"), , , , " !". "" . . , 1 1881 ., 1882 ., " ", " " "20-".
" " (1883 .) , , , , .
, , ("", . . ), , ", , " , "" (1877), " "(1878). 1885 . "", : , , , . : ". ." "" (. . . . ).
. . , , , (. . , . . , . . , . . , . . ) . " " , 1881 . " ", " "", " . : " ". "14-" , , : " ! ".
. . -, " ", , . . . 1879 . " " " " , , - ( ) . , " " (1886), .
. . . - (" , "), . . . (" , "). "Attalea princeps" (1880) , , " " (1883) " " " ".
. (" "), - . .
. . , . 1880 . "".
, , , : " ... ... , , , : ". "" . . , . "".
1881 . . . , II : " II, , , , , , . - , , , . , "
- . . - " " (1882), . . "" (1889), . . - "" (1895) "" (1907), . . "" (1895). . . " " (1893). , , , , .., .., .., .. . , .. ..
, , . . . " " (1884.) " " (1885.), , , , " ", " , ".
" " 80- , 16- . . "" ( ) . . .
, . - , : . . -, . . , . . , . . , . . . , , "" (1890) . . , , , - .
- . . . . " " (18661876) - . :
,
,
70- -. " " "" (1876), " , ...", , , 1874 . , , 1877 . "50-" ( " " 5 1879 .).
, , "" . . . , 1878 . . 1977 . .. , "" "50-".
" " . . , , "" , :
:
?
?
( . . ) " ", 1 " " 1879 . . . " ".
" ", , . . " ", " ", " , " ., . :
, , ,
- ,
, , ,
, , !
1885 . , "14-", " , ", "" . . :
- -
, .
, ,
, ".
( 1887 ., , 90- ) . . , 1907 . " ", , . 18811883 .: ", ", " , ", "", " ". 1882 . ", , ...", , ( ), .
70-80- ( ) " " . . :
,
" " " . . " . . . "" " " " " ( "" "" ). "" , , " ".
. . , , . . , (1895-1904) " ", " " :
- ,
- , . . . "" (19111921, ( ) , .
, . , . . " " (1873) , , : " , !"
. . , 60- "" " ", 70- : " ", " " . "", " ", , " [ ] , " .
- , . . . "" (1880) :
, ,
,
!
, , , . . ("", "", " " 1881 1883 . " ").
("", 1880) . . , , "-" (1895) . . (), 1879 . -.
"" "" (18701875) "" (1875).
1 ("", 1881), (" ", 1888):
, ,
.
(" ", 1891), (" ", 1897).
, , , - ( ), . . . (), , , , , , , , .
" " (1889) , , II, . . 2 1879 . , " ".
" " " " (1889). , , "" (1894) , , , , . credo: " , ". " "
, "" - . . 1882 . . 1883 . (, , ), 90- , , , ; . . : " , ". "" , , , 18741875 . .
, , . . (), " 80- ", , "21-", 18 . 1884 . :
, ,
, , .
,
.
. , , , , . . , 16 . "" (1894):
,
,
,
. !
. . ", ". - (. . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . - ) , , , . , : " " . . , " " . . , " ", " " .. -, " " . . . . .
, 7090- XIX ., , (, "", ) , "" () (). . . "" "", . . . . 60- 70- . , " ", . . "", , , , ( ) .
, , . "" . . , "". "" (18831884) "". , , . . . . ", , ".
"" (1880-1881), " " . . (1881-1883), " " . . (1882) " ". "" , , , , .
1917 . - . , , . , , ( XIX .) .
, . . . " " (19241925) . . 60- . . . " " (1929) 18781881 . : "" " ", " " " " . 1933 . . " " ( ) . . , " III, ". " " ( . . - " " ) - . . . , , , .
"" ( "" " " ). ( ) 20- 30- , , , , .
30- . -, . . , , "" (1948). , , 70- , , 1 1881 . , -, "" "" , , . . . ( , 19411945 . ) "" (1938) "", "", " ", " " II.
- XX . 1956 . . . " ". " " . 1959 . "" . . .
, , , . "" - (1959), " " . . "", " " (1968), " " . . (1986) . , . . . ( ), , : " . ". ., 1984.
. . "" ( . . ) , , " " (1963) 70- . 10 (18741883), : , , , , .
1961 " ", ...
, 1970- , . . " " (1972) . . . , , . , .
1980- . . "", , , 18791882 . 26 -. 1993 ., , , , . , , " , , , ".
, . , , , . " ". " , ..." ( ), " , ..." ( ) " " ( ) . . , "" ( ) . . , " " ( ) . . .
, , , (, "" . . . . ).
1980 "" (1980 .), 1905-1907 . . .
, . " " ( III. M., 1997), " ", "", "" "" " ".
2002 ., II, ".
- . " " (1957), 1 1881 ., . "" " " (1971) , , " " (1970). 18701880- , , :
,
:
,
.
- . " " , ( " "), (" ") .
, , , . . , " ". , , , . 1870- , (" " . , "" . , "" . ).
, "", , , , , " " , " , , ". : " " . (1881 .) "" . (1884 .)
"", . , " " , . 80- ( ) "", , .
, , - , , , . 1881 . , , . . . . . " " (, 1881). , 1876 . " " , . , , . " " (1890 .). " " 70- . "".
. "" (1885 .). , , , , " , , ", ( ) , . , , "- " " " . . -. : . . 4 1878 ., II 19 1879 . , . , . . , " " 183. . . , , ", , " .
"" . . ", , , ; , ... , . . , , . , ".
: , ,- , . ", , , , , ... , !"
. " " (18831885 .) . , , . " " 186. . , "" . " , , ". , "" (" , , ") : ", ..." , , . " !" "" .
, , . " " (1880 .) " , ", ", " " ", , " " , , , .
, , "". , 1881 . " ", (, " " ) " " (1885 .).
. . ", ". . , , " " (1889 .), , . . , . "".
, "" . , . (" "), . (" "), . (" ").
" -" (1890 .) " " , " ", " , , ", , : " , , ". "-" , , " , ", " "
. . . . . , "" ( 1889 .) " , -, ".
" " (1904 .) 80- , . , , (18871889), . . , ' .
: . " ", . "" " 1 ":
...
, , !
. " ", . . . " ". 1891 . "", "" . . , 1894 . "", , - , , , - .
. . "" (1882 .) " ", , . " " . . - . " " (1882 .) . (" ") . , . . .
. "" (1891 .) Map, , , " ", , " , ", " ". , . 8090- , , "" , , ( ) , , .
. . "" (1884 ., " ") "" . , . " " , . . , , .
. , " " , , , - , , , " , , , - " . . " ". . . , , , " " , " " " ".
1880- ( , : " " " ") " " - " " (" ").
, . : " ? ".
, , "" , , - . |